Image source, EPA/ShutterstockImage caption, Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood set out the plans in the House of Commons
ByBecky MortonPolitical reporter- Published4 minutes ago
Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood has set out plans to overhaul immigration rules.
Proposals to change the requirements to qualify for permanent settlement in the UK were first outlined in detail in November 2025, when Mahmood was home secretary in Sir Keir Starmer's government.
Following a consultation, external, Mahmood has now announced her final decision on what changes should be taken forward.
What is settlement and indefinite leave to remain?
Indefinite leave to remain (ILR) – also known as settlement – gives someone the right to live, work and study in the UK for as long as they like.
Under the current system, people with ILR can also apply for benefits if they are eligible.
People who have lived in the UK for 12 months after being given ILR can apply for British citizenship, if they also meet other requirements, external.
How will the new rules affect migrants?
Under the government's plans, the standard length of time migrants will have to live in the UK to qualify for permanent settlement will double from five to 10 years.
Under this 10-year pathway, applicants must have earned at least £12,571 for five of the seven years immediately before being granted settlement.
However, there will be a shorter qualifying period of five years for certain groups, including:
People who earned at least £50,271 for three of five years immediately before applying for settlement
Care workers who earned at least £25,000 a year while meeting their visa conditions and arrived in the UK before May 2025
"Skilled" public service workers, such as doctors, nurses and teachers
Other health and education public service workers who fall below this skill level, for example nursing auxiliaries and teaching assistants, if they arrived in the UK before May 2025
People from Hong Kong who hold British National (Overseas) status
People earning over £125,141 a year, as well as "highly skilled" migrants such as those on Global Talent or Innovator Founder visas, will qualify after three years.
Migrants who have claimed certain benefits or breached immigration rules will only be able to settle after at least 20 years.
To qualify for settlement, migrants will also have to meet other conditions including:
Have no criminal record
Speak English to a high standard
Owe no debt to the taxpayer
Have "a record of sustained National Insurance Contributions"
Image source, Getty ImagesImage caption, Some care workers will be able to qualify for settlement after five years
What about refugees?
There will be a different set of rules for refugees – people who have been granted asylum in the UK because they are unable to return to their own country as they fear persecution.
Refugees who arrived in the UK through an official government scheme will qualify for settlement after five years.
However, other refugees will need to wait 10 years and either work or study.
Those who do not work or study will need to wait 20 years.
Refugees who arrived in the UK by small boat or another illegal route will have to wait 20 years if they work or study, and 30 years if they don't.
Will migrants already in the UK be affected?
The changes will apply to migrants who are already in the UK but not those who have already been granted settlement.
Sign up for our Politics Essential newsletter to keep up with the inner workings of Westminster and beyond.
